Skownan First Nation History
Skownan - Cree name meaning "to turn around the point or turning point", originally the name of the indian reserve. At the treaty 2 signing the name Waterhen or Waterhen River band was used by the commissioner, perhaps geographic names were easier to distinguish and pronounce rather then cree or ojibway names.
Treaty No. 2 - The Treaty referred to, No. 2, was signed on August
21, 1871 between Her Majesty's Commissioner, Wemyss M. Simpson, and "the
Ojibway Tribe of Indians" inhabiting an area to the north and west of the
just concluded Treaty No. 1.
The purpose of the Treaty was "to open up to settlement and immigration"
the land covered by the Treaty, and to ensure there would be "peace and
good will between them and Her Majesty. Chiefs and Headmen were named
by the assembled Indians. These officials were authorized on their
behalf to conduct the negotiations and to sign the Treaty. Chiefs
and Headmen were to become responsible to Her Majesty for the faithful
performance by their respective bands "of such obligations as shall be
assumed by them".
The Chiefs named were - "Sousonse"(Little Long Ears), for the Swan Creek and Lake Manitoba Indians. "Masahkeeyash"(He who Flies to the Bottom), and Richard Woodhouse, whose Indian name is "Keweetahquinnayash"(He who flies around the Feathers), for the Indians of Fairford and the neighboring localities. "Francois/Broken Fingers", for the Indians of Waterhen River and Crane River and neighboring localities. 'Mekis"(The Eagle) or Giroux, for the Indians of Riding Mountain and Dauphin Lake and remainder of the territory hereby ceded.
Her Majesty's representatives, the Commissioner and Lieutenant Governor
Adams G. Archibald, who was also present, received and acknowledged the
persons so presented as Chiefs and Headmen. Her Majesty agreed and
undertook to lay aside and reserve for the sole and exclusive use of the
Indians.
For the use of the band of Indians belonging to the bands of which
Francois/Broken Fingers is Chief, so much land on the west side of the
Waterhen River and the south side of a lake with the same name so much
land as will make 160 acres for each family of five or in the same proporition
for a greater or smaller number of persons. note. I'm excluding the other
bands for the purpose of just staying with Waterhen(Skownan) band and its
decendents.
A present of $3 was given to each person belonging to the band here
represented. Her Majesty agrees to maintain a school in each reserve
hereby whenever the Indians of the reserve shall desire it. Her Majesty's
Commissioner shall, as soon as possible after the execution of this Treaty,
cause to be taken an accurate census of all the Indians inhabiting the
tract above described, distributing them in families, and shall in every
year ensuing the date hereof, at some period during the month of August
in each year..at or near their respective Reserves, pay to each Indian
family of five persons the sum of $15., Canadian currency, or in like proporition
for a larger or smaller family, such payment to be made in such articles
as the Indians shall require of blankets, clothing, prints(assorted colours),
twine or traps, at the current cash price in Montreal, or otherwise if
Her Majesty shall deem the same desirable in the interest of Her Indian
people, in cash.
The Chiefs, on their own behalf and on behalf of their people, promised
to strictly observe the Treaty, to conduct and behave themselves as good
and loyal subjects of Her Majesty the Queen, to obey and abide by the law,
to maintain peace and good order among themselves and with others.
Persons of Ojibway/Cree and European ancestry had a choice, they
could enter Treaty and be citizens of the self-governing First Nations
with the special direct relationship with the Crown, or they could become
Canadians and relate to the Crown through the Canadian governmental system.
Here is a list of names as shown in an 1879 paylist:
Ahneekaygesik #1 | Cacheway #2 | Enahpahwaywenin #3 |
Marcel Guiboche #4 | Katahkahwaynayaas #5 | Kakekebesits #6 |
William Kepekanakapow #7 | Baptiste Boucher #8 | John Mckay #9 |
Mustoosh/Baptiste Loyer #10 | Nanakowekahpow #11 | Nahwahkeekapow #12 |
Nowogeeshikoowenin #13 | Oosahwahgoogunnayash #14 | O'johnewayway #15 |
Baptiste O'kichekeshowenin #16 | Paul #17 | Paul St. Matte #18 |
Taytahquapeck #19 | Waywaysheoqua, widow #20 | Wahkittacummekowenin #21 |
Complete list of our Chiefs:
Chief Francois/Broken Fingers Treaty 2 Signatory 1871
Chief Katahkahwaynaas 1872-1885
Chief Baptiste O'kitchekeshowenin/Nepinak 1885-1922
Chief Hermus Nepinak 1922 - 1950
Chief Alex Catcheway 1951-1955, 1959 -1961
Chief Moise Catcheway 1955 - 1959, 1967 - 1969, 1971 - 1979
Chief Joe Catcheway 1961 - 1963
Chief Carl Gabriel 1963 - 1965
Chief Alphonse Catcheway 1965 - 1967
Chief Donald Catcheway 1969 - 1971
Chief Harvey Nepinak 1979 - 1983, 1987 - 1999, 2005 -
Chief Larry Catagas 1983 - 1987
Chief Bernard Catcheway 1999 - 2003
Chief Robert Lavallee 2003 - 2005
For more information contact Joseph Maud